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Functional safety

How is an ASIL assigned to a hazardous event?

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ParameterQuestion it answersScale
Severity (S)How badly could people be harmed?S0–S3
Exposure (E)How often does the situation occur?E0–E4
Controllability (C)Can the harm still be avoided?C0–C3
Each parameter is rated separately in the HARA; ISO 26262-3 then maps the combination to QM or ASIL A–D.

The letter itself carries no weight without the reasoning behind it. Assessors look for a recorded rationale for each S, E and C rating, the operating situation it assumes, and the traceability from the resulting safety goal down to the requirements and verification evidence that implement it.

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